Características clínicas, inmunológicas y daño de órganos en pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas / Clinical and immunological characteristics and organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

RESUMEN Introducción: Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas constituyen un grupo de enfermedades musculares caracterizadas por debilidad muscular crónica e inflamación muscular de etiología desconocida. Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas e inmunológicas y daño de órganos en pacientes con miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Método: Se realizó estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en 52 pacientes con diagnóstico de miopatía inflamatoria idiopática, seguidos en la consulta protocolizada de Reumatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" entre enero 2016 y enero 2017. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon los porcentajes de cada grupo. Se utilizó Chi-cuadrado de Pearson (Estadístico exacto de Fisher), nivel de significación del 95 % (α=0,05) para relacionar la presencia de anticuerpos y el tipo de miopatía, así como la presencia de manifestaciones clínicas de miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas. Resultados: Del total de pacientes estudiadas, 80,8 % fueron mujeres, 61,5 % de color de piel negra, 86,5 % de procedencia urbana. La edad media al comienzo fue 42,8 ± 13,2 años, tiempo de demora al diagnóstico de 8,8 ± 7,0 meses, tiempo medio de evolución de la enfermedad de 7,5 ± 7,1 años, 80,8 % estaban en remisión, 50 % tenía anticuerpos específicos. La hipertensión arterial se encontró en 28,8 % de los pacientes y 23,1 % presentó neumonía intersticial. La artritis estuvo presente en 96,2 %, 26,9 % presentaron anticuerpos específicos Jo1 y 21,2 % Ro 52. Conclusiones: Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino, en la cuarta década de la vida, de procedencia urbana. Los anticuerpos específicos encontrado con más frecuencia fue el anti Jo-1, que se asoció a la presencia de neumopatía intersticial.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies constitute a group of muscle diseases characterized by chronic muscle weakness and muscle inflammation of unknown etiology. Objective: To identify the clinical and immunological characteristics and organ damage in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 52 patients with diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, followed up in the protocolized service of Rheumatology at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017. The qualitative variables were calculated with the percentages in each group. Pearson's Chi-square (Fisher's exact statistic) (95% significance level (α = 0.05) was used to relate the presence of antibodies and the type of myopathy as well as the presence of clinical manifestations of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Results: 80.8% were women of the total patients studied, 61.5% non-white skin color, 86.5% of urban origin. The mean age at the beginning was 42.8 ± 13.2 years, time delay to diagnosis was 8.8 ± 7.0 months, mean time of evolution of the disease of 7.5 ± 7.1 years. 80.8% were in remission, 50% had specific antibodies. Hypertension was found in 28.8% of the patients and 23.1% had interstitial pneumonia. Arthritis was present in 96.2%. We found 26.9% had specific Jo1 antibodies and 21.2% Ro 52. Conclusions: Urban origin female patients predominated, in their fourth decade of life, the more frequent specific antibodies found was anti Jo-1, which was associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease.

La dermatomiositis paraneoplásica como una presentación inusual de cáncer de mama / Paraneoplastic dermatomyositis as an unusual presentation of breast cancer

Introducción: La dermatomiositis es una inflamación muscular autoinmune con presencia de rash, se manifiesta con debilidad muscular proximal, asociado a complicaciones cardiacas como miocarditis y/o trastornos de la conducción. En algunas ocasiones puede ser la única manifestación clínica de una neoplasia maligna oculta, por lo cual su detección temprana puede tener grandes repercusiones en el pronóstico del tumor oculto. Objetivo: Describir el caso de una paciente con un síndrome paraneoplásico dado por una dermatopolimiositis como presentación inusual de un cáncer de mama. Caso clínico: Se trata de una paciente en quinta década de la vida sin antecedentes personales de importancia, que debuta con una debilidad en miembros superiores de predominio proximal incapacitante, fiebre y elevación importante de la creatinquinasa (CPK), bajo un diagnóstico de una dermatopolimiositis como manifestación principal de un cáncer de mama infiltrante. Conclusiones: La dermatomiositis en mujeres de mediana edad debe hacer sospechar en una patología neoplásica oculta. Lo más importante es descastar el cáncer de mama(AU)

Introduction: Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune muscle inflammation exhibited rash, and proximal muscle weakness, associated with cardiac complications such as myocarditis and / or conduction disorders. In some cases, it can be the only clinical manifestation of hidden malignancy, so its early detection can have great repercussions on the prognosis of the hidden tumor. Objective: To describe the case of a patient with a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by dermatopolymyositis as an unusual presentation of breast cancer. Clinical case report: This is a patient in her fifties with no significant clinical personal history, who had disabling proximal weakness, predominantly in her upper limbs, fever and significant elevation of creatine kinase (CPK), under a diagnosis of dermatopolymyositis as the main manifestation of an infiltrating breast cancer. Conclusions: Dermatomyositis in middle-aged women should make us suspect an occult neoplastic pathology. The most important is to rule out breast cancer(AU)

Inicio de dermatomiositis juvenil en un escolar de 7 años de edad / Debut of juvenile dermatomyositis in a 7-year-old schoolboy

La dermatomiositis es una enfermedad que afecta con mayor frecuencia a pacientes mayores de 60 años y preferiblemente del sexo femenino. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones aparece en la edad infantil. Se exponen los elementos medulares que permiten el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Se presenta el caso de una escolar de 7 años de edad que acude al servicio de emergencia con manifestaciones clínicas sugerentes de una dermatomiositis juvenil. Las manifestaciones clínicas y los resultados de los exámenes complementarios permitieron llegar al diagnóstico definitivo de la enfermedad. Fue necesario hacer el diagnóstico diferencial con otras afecciones que cursan con síntomas similares. La paciente comenzó a mostrar una evolución favorable, lo que motivó el alta hospitalaria con tratamiento para el hogar y seguimiento por consulta externa con la especialidad de Reumatología. Conclusiones: A pesar de presentar un patrón epidemiológico predominante en adultos mayores, la dermatomiositis puede aparecer en edades más tempranas. Aunque las manifestaciones clínicas orientan hacia su diagnóstico, este se confirma con la ayuda de determinados exámenes complementarios(AU)

Dermatomyositis is a disease that occurs more frequently in patients older than 60 years and preferably female; however, sometimes it occurs in children. To publicize the core elements that allow the diagnosis of this disease. The case of a 7-year-old schoolgirl who comes to the emergency service with clinical manifestations suggesting a juvenile dermatomyositis is presented. The clinical manifestations and the results of the complementary examinations allowed to reach the definitive diagnosis of the disease, it was necessary to make the differential diagnosis with other conditions that present with similar symptomatology. Conclusions: despite presenting a predominant epidemiological pattern in older adults, dermatomyositis may occur at earlier ages; although the clinical manifestations are oriented towards its diagnosis, it is confirmed with the help of certain complementary tests(AU)

Manifestaciones clínicas y anticuerpos asociados y específicos de miositis en 15 pacientes chilenos con dermatomiositis: serie clínica en un centro universitario / Clinical manifestations and antibody profile in 15 patients with dermatomyositis

Background: Certain associated and specific myositis antibodies are related to certain clinical phenotypes of dermatomyositis (DM), disease severity and the presence of cancer. Aim: To describe the clinical profile of Chilean patients with DM and their associated and specific myositis antibodies. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of 15 patients with DM aged 31 to 72 years. Their clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and complementary tests were reviewed. In serum samples from each patient the presence of 16 specific antibodies was analyzed by immunoblot technique (Myositis Profile Euroline Blot test kit). Results: Fourteen (93.3%) patients had skin manifestations, five (33.3%) had pulmonary involvement, two (13.3%) had an associated cancer and nine (60%) had specific antibodies associated with myositis. Conclusions: These patients with DM had a clinical profile similar to what has been described elsewhere. The profile of myositis specific antibodies was different from reports in other populations.

Dermatomiositis idiopática asociada a fibrosis pulmonar / Idiopathic dermatomyositis associated with pulmonary fibrosis

La incidencia de la miopatía inflamatoria idiopática es de 4 a 15 casos por cada millón de habitantes y su prevalencia de 60 por cada millón de habitantes. La dermatomiositis idiopática es más frecuente en las mujeres, aunque su asociación a fibrosis pulmonar es muy rara y solo se reporta en un 2 por ciento de los casos. Se describe el caso de un paciente de 50 años de edad, femenina, que presentó debilidad a nivel de la cintura escapular acompañada de fatiga. Tenía lesiones de rascado en diferentes regiones del cuerpo por prurito y lesiones eritematosas en la piel en ambos muslos. Además, se quejaba de dolores articulares generalizados con impotencia funcional y mialgias generalizadas progresivas e hipotrofia muscular de varios grupos musculares. El estudio analítico reveló enzimas musculares elevadas. La biopsia de piel y músculo mostró elementos sugestivos de dermatomiositis. Con la espirometría se detectó trastornos ventilatorios restrictivos de grave intensidad. Mediante la radiografía de tórax se halló infiltrado difuso peribroncovascular asociado a un trayecto fibroso y la tomografía axial computarizada precisó el pulmón con consolidación alveolar y discreto engrosamiento pleural. La paciente fue tratada con prednisona a 1 mg/kg/día asociado con azatioprina 1,5 mg/kg/día. Este tratamiento fue muy eficaz, y se logró una notable recuperación clínica y por estudios de laboratorio. Reportamos el caso de una paciente con dermatomiositis idiopática y fibrosis pulmonar. Esta asociación constituye un hallazgo infrecuente en nuestro medio y más aun con el paciente asintomático(AU)

The incidence of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy is from 4 to 15 cases per million inhabitants and its prevalence of 60 per million inhabitants. Idiopathic dermatomyositis is more frequent in women; Although its association with pulmonary fibrosis is described, it is very infrequent, it is only reported in 2 percent of cases. To describe a diagnosed case of idiopathic dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis. A 50-year-old patient presented weakness at the level of the shoulder girdle accompanied by fatigue. Physical examination: Skin: scratching lesions in different regions of the body due to pruritus, erythematous lesions at the level of the skin on both thighs. Osteomyoarticular system: generalized joint pains with functional impotence and progressive generalized myalgias and muscular hypotrophy of several muscle groups. The analytical study revealed elevated muscle enzymes. The skin and muscle biopsy showed elements suggestive of dermatomyositis. Chest X-ray: diffuse peribronchovascular infiltrate associated with fibrous path. Spirometry: restrictive ventilatory disorders of severe intensity. Computed tomography of the lung with alveolar consolidation and discrete pleural thickening. We report the case of a patient with idiopathic dermatomyositis and pulmonary fibrosis. This association is an uncommon finding in our environment and even more so when the patient is asymptomatic(AU)

Clasificación y manejo actual en dermatomiositis juvenil / Classification and current management in juvenile dermatomyositis

La Dermatomiositis Juvenil representa el 75-80% de las miopatías inflamatorias juveniles. Si bien, tiene baja incidencia y prevalencia, presenta importante morbilidad dada por sus manifestaciones cutáneas, musculares, pulmonares, gastrointestinales, cardiacas, entre otras. Corresponde a un desorden poligénico con múltiples factores gatillantes, que determina el desarrollo de una vasculopatía que lleva a atrofia muscular, inflamación y activación de vías del IFN-1. Actualmente su diagnóstico se basa en las guias EULAR/ACR (2017). En los últimos años, se han descubiertos distintos subtipos de la enfermedad, basados en el perfil de autoanticuerpos específicos de miositis, lo que ha permitido establecer pronóstico y estrategias terapéuticas personalizadas. El manejo farmacológico continúa basándose principalmente en el uso de corticoesteroides y DMARDs, así como también terapia biológica; en los últimos años, los inhibidores JAK han mostrado resultados promisorios, convirtiéndose en la más nueva alternativa terapéutica para el control de la enfermedad.

Juvenile Dermatomyositis represents 75-80% of juvenile inflammatory myopathies. Although it has a low incidence and prevalence, it presents significant morbidity due to its cutaneous, muscular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal and cardiac manifestations, among others. It corresponds to a polygenic disorder with multiple triggering factors, which determines the development of a vasculopathy that leads to muscle atrophy, inflammation and activation of IFN-1 pathways. Currently its diagnosis is based on the EULAR/ACR guidelines (2017). In recent years, different subtypes of the disease have been discovered, based on the profile of myositis-specific autoantibodies, which has made it possible to establish prognosis and personalized therapeutic strategies. Pharmacological management continues to be based mainly on the use of corticosteroids and DMARDs, as well as biological therapy; In recent years, JAK inhibitors have shown promising results, becoming the newest therapeutic alternative for disease control.

Dermatopolimiositis en paciente adolescente. Reporte de caso / Dermatopolymyositis in adolescent patient. Case report

1011RESUMENLa Dermatopolimiositis (DPM) pertenece a las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas (MII), un grupo heterogéneo de miopatías autoin-munitarias sistémicas crónicas, asociadas con una alta morbilidad y discapacidad funcional. Comprende aquellas entidades de naturaleza adquirida que cursan con debilidad muscular y presentan de forma característica un infiltrado inflamatorio y necrosis celular en el tejido muscular estria-do. Es una enfermedad rara, con una inci-dencia global de 2­10 casos por millón de habitantes/año. Presentamos el caso de adolescente masculino de 14 años con antecedente de dermatomiositis, el cual presenta debilidad muscular proximal progresiva, acompañado de mialgias inten-sas e incapacitantes, presencia de eritema en heliotropo y pápulas de Gottron. Estu-dios laboratoriales que evidenciaron anemia, alteraciones enzimáticas, reactan-tes de fase aguda alterados, estudio electromiográfico que evidenció la presen-cia de polimiositis reactiva, y biopsia de tejido muscular que reportó cambios compatibles con DPM. El diagnóstico de miopatías inflamatorias se sospecha sobre la base de un conjunto de signos y síntomas y es confirmado mediante estudios comple-mentarios, entre los que se incluyen: eleva-ción de enzimas musculares, presencia de autoanticuerpos específicos de miositis,Dermatopolymyositis in adolescent patient. Case reportDermatopolimiositis en paciente adolescente. Reporte de casoelectromiografía con patrón miopático, hallazgos específicos en la biopsia. La PDM en niños tiene un comportamiento clínico diferente al adulto por la presencia vasculi-tis, existiendo varios desordenes que pueden confundir esta entidad y retardar su diagnóstico y tratamiento, por lo tanto, es muy importante el conocimiento de esta enfermedad en la edad pediátrica y estable-cer comparaciones con lo reportado en la literatura mundial...(AU)

Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos / Juvenile dermatomyositis. Case systematization

Introducción: La búsqueda bibliográfica realizada estableció una problemática a atender: la escasez de estudios de caso de dermatomiositis juvenil, por lo que la presente investigación pretende arrojar luz sobre esta patología, poco reflejada en la literatura médica. Nótese, además, que la sistematización puede servir de reservorio bibliográfico para estudios de posgrados de especialistas médicos. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: sistematizar y comparar 10 casos de dermatomiositis juvenil, publicados en las principales revistas médicas en cuanto a la edad del paciente, antecedentes de salud, cuadro clínico, resultados de complementarios, diagnóstico diferencial, manejo. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: hasta un 30 por ciento de los pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil puede presentar calcinosis, especialmente en puntos de presión como codos, rodillas, dedos y glúteos. La calcinosis puede estar presente en el momento del diagnóstico, pero corrientemente se establece luego de 1 a 3 años y puede provocar la aparición de úlceras cutáneas, mengua de los rangos articulares, dolor e inflamación local. Alrededor del 10 por ciento de los pacientes con dermatomiositis juvenil puede presentar úlceras cutáneas. El estudio de su evolución suele anunciar un curso severo de la enfermedad con debilidad constante, calcinosis extensa y mala respuesta al tratamiento. Conclusiones: resulta importante sistematizar los estudios relacionados con casos de alteraciones dermatológicas de la dermatomiositis juvenil, ya que la enfermedad constituye una manifestación notable, tanto como marcador de actividad como de su daño derivado. Así también, pueden coadyuvar a lograr una percepción estadística más clara de la tasa de morbilidad y su consecuente relación con los pronósticos(AU)

Introduction: Literature search established a problem to be addressed: the scarcity of case studies of juvenile dermatomyositis, which is why this research aims to shed light on this pathology, little reflected in the medical literature. Note also that systematization can serve as a bibliographic reservoir for postgraduate studies of medical specialists. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: to systematize and compare 10 cases of juvenile dermatomyositis, published in the main medical journals regarding patient's age, health history, clinical picture, complementary results, differential diagnosis, management. Dermatomiositis juvenil. Sistematización de casos: up to 30 percent of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis can present calcinosis, especially in pressure points such as elbows, knees, fingers and buttocks. Calcinosis may be present at the time of diagnosis but is usually established after 1 to 3 years and may cause the appearance of skin ulcers, decreased joint ranges, pain and local inflammation. About 10 percent of patients with juvenile dermatomyositis may have skin ulcers. The study of its evolution usually announces a severe course of the disease with constant weakness, extensive calcinosis and poor response to treatment. Conclusions: it is important to systematize the studies related to cases of dermatological alterations of juvenile dermatomyositis, since the disease constitutes a remarkable manifestation, both as a marker of activity and of its derived damage. Likewise, they can help to achieve a clearer statistical perception of the morbidity rate and its consequent relationship with prognosis(AU)

Dermatomiositis asociada al autoanticuerpo anti-MDA5 / Dermatomyositis associated with anti-MDA5 autoantibody

La dematomiositis es una miopatía inflamatoria idiopática con espectro clínico variable. En los últimos años se ha identificado un número de autoanticuerpos específicos de miositis útiles para el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el pronóstico de las diversas formas de la enfermedad, entre los que se encuentra el anti-MDA5. Este anticuerpo se asocia al desarrollo de úlceras cutáneas, enfermedad intersticial pulmonar rápidamente progresiva, mortalidad temprana y mal pronóstico por lo que la detección del mismo, en un contexto clínico adecuado, plantea la necesidad de un tratamiento inmunosupresor agresivo. Describimos un caso de dermatomiositis hipomiopática, (es decir, con afección muscular leve) que presentaba compromiso cutáneo específico, enfermedad pulmonar intersticial y anticuerpo anti-MDA5 que respondió favorablemente al tratamiento combinado con ciclofosfamida, gamaglobulina y corticoides.

Dematomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with a variable clinical spectrum. In recent years, a number of myositis-specific antibodies have been identified including anti-MDA5, which is us eful for diagnosis, prognosis and classification of the diverse clinical forms of the disease. This antibody is associated with cutaneous ulcers, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease, early mortality and poor prognosis, so the detection of this antibody in a suitable clinical context, raises the need for an aggressive immunosuppressive treatment. We describe a case of dermatomyositis classified as hypomyopathic (i.e. involving mild muscle weakness), presenting specific skin lesions, interstitial lung disease, and presence of anti-MDA5 antibody that had a favorable response to combined treatment with cyclophosphamide, gamma globulin and corticosteroids.

Enfermedades inmunomediadas del sistema nervioso periférico / Peripheral nervous system immunological disorder

Las enfermedades autoinmunes del sistema nervioso periférico son frecuentes en pediatría. Las más importantes son el síndrome de Guillain-Barré, la miastenia gravis juvenil y la dermatomiositis juvenil. Tienen en común ser causadas por acción de anticuerpos específicos que producen la signología clínica, reacción que puede ser gatillada por un cuadro viral o bacteriano, como ocurre principalmente en SGB. La polineuropatía aguda inflamatoria desmielinizante es más frecuente. Existe también la forma axonal motora. Ambas tienen clínica progresiva ascendente. El tratamiento específico es la inmunoglobulina 2 g/ kg. La miastenia gravis juvenil se expresa por signos oculares, generalizados y fatigabilidad fluctuante. Puede comprometer la función respiratoria desencadenando crisis miasténica. Se trata con anticolinesterásicos, corticoides, inmunoglobulinas e inmunosupresores. La timectomía ha mostrado recientemente su efectividad. La dermatomiositis juvenil se expresa por signos cutáneos y musculares. Se diagnostica por elevación de enzimas musculares, biopsia y resonancia musculares y se trata con corticoides, inmunoglobulinas e inmunosupresores. Tanto el síndrome de Guiilain-Barré, como la miastenia gravis y la dermatomiositis juvenil, tienen buen pronóstico.

Autoimmune diseases of the peripheral nervous system are common in pediatrics. Guillain-Barré syndrome, juvenile myasthenia gravis, and juvenile dermatomyositis are the most important. Their common pathogenesis involves the action of specific autoantibodies which are frequently triggered by viral or bacterial infection. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is the most frequent pathological feature. There is also a motor axonal form. Both have a progressive ascending clinical course. The specific treatment is immunoglobulin 2 g/kg. Juvenile myasthenia gravis is expressed by ocular signs and generalized and fluctuating fatigability. It can involve respiratory functions triggering a myasthenic crisis. It is treated with anticholinesterase agents, corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, and immunosuppressants. Thymectomy has recently shown effectiveness. Juvenile dermatomyositis is expressed by skin and muscle signs. Elevated muscle enzymes, muscle biopsy, and magnetic resonance imaging contribute to the diagnosis. It is treated with corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, and immunosuppressants. All three disorders, Guillain-Barré, juvenile myasthenia gravis, and juvenile dermatomyositis have a good prognosis.

Dermatomiositis juvenil: experiencia de 13 años en un hospital de atención terciaria. Análisis de 17 casos clínicos / Juvenile dermatomyositis: 13 years of experience in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis of 17 clinical cases / Dermatomiosite juvenil: 13 anos de experiência em hospital de nível terciário de atenção. Analise de 17 casos clinicos

La dermatomiositis juvenil (DMJ) es una miopatía inflamatoria adquirida de base inmunológica acompañada por alteraciones cutáneas características. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características clínicas y exámenes complementarios de un grupo de 17 pacientes con diagnóstico de DMJ, su evolución y tratamiento. Material y método: se estudiaron los pacientes que se asistieron en la Policlínica de enfermedades de tejido conectivo del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR) en el período del 1 de octubre de 2003 al 1 de abril de 2017. Resultados: los rasgos clínicos más frecuentes de presentación fueron las manifestaciones cutáneas características, debilidad muscular, síntomas constitucionales, manifestaciones gastrointestinales y respiratorias. Las enzimas musculares estuvieron aumentadas en todos los casos. La resonancia nuclear magnética, electromiograma y la biopsia muscular fueron patológicos en todos los casos realizados. El tratamiento se realizó fundamentalmente en base a corticoides y fármacos inmunosupresores, siendo el metotrexate la droga de elección. En los casos graves o refractarios se asoció gamaglobulina, ciclofosfamida o ciclosporina. La duración del tratamiento tuvo una mediana de 3 años 10 meses. Se logró remisión en 47% de los pacientes. La evolución fue monofásica en 15,4%, de los casos, polifásica en 8% y crónica en 77%. No hubo fallecimientos registrados, ni enfermedad maligna asociada. Conclusiones: la DMJ es una enfermedad de baja incidencia. La mayoría de los pacientes tuvieron una evolución crónica. Esto determina la necesidad de un tratamiento inmunosupresor prolongado con los efectos adversos de la misma. Se logró la remisión en 47% de los pacientes. No se registraron fallecimientos en la serie estudiada.

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an acquired inflammatory myopathy with an immunologic basis and characteristic cutaneous rash. The aim of this article is to describe clinical features and most important exams of a group of 17 patients with JDM their evolution and treatment. Methods: children with JDM recruited from Connective tissue Diseases Office of Pereira Rossell Hospital from 1/10/2003 through 1/4/2017 were studied. Results: the most frequent features were: characteristic cutaneous rash, muscle weakness, systemic symptoms, gastrointestinal and respiratory manifestations. The diagnostic investigations showed an increase serum muscle enzymes in all patients. The nuclear magnetic resonance, electromyogram and muscle biopsy resulted abnormal in all the investigated cases. Treatment was based on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs being methotrexate the preferred drug. In severe or refractory cases cyclophosphamide, human gammaglobulin or cyclosporine were associated. Median treatment length was 3 years 10 months Remission was achieved in 47 percent. The evolution was monophasic in 15.4 percent, polyphasic in 7.7 and chronic in 77 percent. No deaths were registered neither malignant associated diseases Conclusions: JDM is an infrequent illness. Most of the patients had chronic evolution. This obliges to prolonged immunosuppression with its adverse effects. Remission was achieved in 47% of the cases. No deaths were registered in this population.

A dermatomiosite juvenil (DMJ) é uma miopatia inflamatória imunológica adquirida acompanhada de alterações cutâneas características. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as características clínicas e os exames complementares de um grupo de 17 pacientes diagnosticados com DMJ, sua evolução e tratamento. Materiais e métodos: foram estudados os pacientes que compareceram à Policlínica das Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (CHPR) no período de 01/10/2003 a 04/01/2017. Resultados: as características clínicas mais frequentes foram manifestações cutâneas características, fraqueza muscular, sintomas constitucionais, manifestações gastrointestinais e respiratórias. As enzimas musculares estiveram aumentadas em todos os casos. A Ressonância nuclear magnética, o eletromiograma e a biópsia muscular foram patológicos em todos os casos. O tratamento foi baseado principalmente em corticosteroides e drogas imunossupressoras, e o metotrexato foi a droga de escolha. Em casos graves ou refratários, também se administrou gamaglobulina, ciclofosfamida ou ciclosporina. A duração do tratamento teve uma mediana de 3 anos e 10 meses. A remissão foi alcançada em 47% dos pacientes. A evolução foi monofásica em 15,4% dos casos, polifásica em 8% e crônica em 77%. Não houve mortes registradas, nem doença maligna associada. Conclusões: a DMJ é uma doença de baixa incidência. A maioria dos pacientes teve evolução crônica. Isso determina a necessidade de um tratamento imunossupressor prolongado com os seus conseguintes efeitos adversos. A remissão foi alcançada em 47% dos pacientes. Nenhuma morte foi registrada na série estudada.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in dermatomyositis: a case series and literature review / Pneumomediastino espontâneo na dermatomiosite: uma série de casos e revisão de literatura

OBJECTIVES: To describe a case series of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in dermatomyositis and to review the literature. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center case series, reporting 9 patients with pneumomediastinum and defined dermatomyositis, followed from 2005 to 2017. RESULTS: Median age of patients: 33 years; cutaneous and pulmonary involvement in all cases; constitutional symptoms in 88.8% of patients; involvement of the joints in 11.1%, gastrointestinal tract in 44.4%, and muscles in 77.7%; subcutaneous emphysema was observed in 55.5% and pneumothorax in 11.1%, respectively. Muscle weakness was observed in 77.7% of cases and with a median level of serum creatine phosphokinase of 124U/L. Drawing on results for our literature review, the overall analysis showed that the risk factors associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum were: (a) a history of interstitial pneumopathy; (b) normal or low levels of muscle enzymes; (c) previous use of systemic glucocorticoid; (d) over 50% of patients had subcutaneous emphysema; (e) high mortality as a consequence of severity of the interstitial lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our case series revealed that pneumomediastinum is a rare complication in dermatomyositis that occurs in patients with a history of interstitial pneumopathy and may be accompanied by subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax.

OBJETIVOS: Descrever série de casos de pneumomediastino espontâneo em portadores de dermatomiosite e revisar a literatura. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de série de casos, único centro, relatando 9 pacientes com pneumomediastino e dermatomiosite definida, acompanhados de 2005 a 2017. RESULTADOS: A mediana da idade dos pacientes foi de 33 anos. Sintomas constitucionais estavam presentes em 88,8% dos pacientes. Houve acometimento cutâneo e pulmonar em todos os casos, acometimento das articulações em 11,1%, trato gastrointestinal em 44,4% e musculatura em 77,7% dos pacientes. Enfisema subcutâneo foi observado em 55,5% e pneumotórax em 11,1%, respectivamente. A fraqueza muscular foi observada em 77,7% dos casos, com um nível médio de creatinofosfoquinase sérica de 124U/L. Com base nos resultados da revisão da literatura, a análise geral mostrou que: os fatores de risco associados ao pneumomediastino espontâneo foram: história de pneumopatia intersticial, níveis normais ou baixos de enzimas musculares, uso prévio de glicocorticoide sistêmico; >50% dos pacientes tiveram enfisema subcutâneo; houve alta mortalidade como consequência da gravidade da doença pulmonar intersticial. CONCLUSÕES: Nossa série de casos revelou que o pneumomediastino é uma complicação rara na dermatomiosite e que ocorre em pacientes com história de pneumopatia intersticial e pode ser acompanhada por enfisema subcutâneo e pneumotórax.

Insulin resistance is increased in adult patients with dermatomyositis / Resistência insulínica aumentada em pacientes com dermatomiosite

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate insulinemia in glucocorticoid naïve patients with dermatomyositis and to evaluate insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 25 dermatomyositis, non-diabetic glucocorticoid naïve patients. The control group consisted of 50 volunteers matched for age, gender, ethnicity, weight and height. The HOMA2-IR index was calculated from baseline insulin and glucose data. The International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) parameters were used to evaluate disease status. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 43.5 years and these were predominantly females. Patients had low disease activity according to IMACS parameters. Higher body mass index and waist circumference were observed in the dermatomyositis group compared to the control group. Insulin level and HOMA2-IR were also higher in patients with dermatomyositis. Moreover, analyzing dermatomyositis alone, the HOMA2-IR index correlated positively with weight, body mass index and waist circumference and was independent on disease status parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dermatomyositis had higher values for basal insulinemia, insulin resistance, body mass index and waist circumference. Moreover, HOMA2-IR moderately correlated with these anthropometric parameters. These metabolic abnormalities are related to the development of metabolic syndrome, one of the main comorbidities observed in dermatomyositis.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a insulinemia em pacientes com dermatomiosite virgens de glicocorticoide e avaliar a resistência insulínica, utilizando o modelo de avaliação da homeostase de resistência insulínica (HOMA2-IR). MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal incluiu 25 pacientes com dermatomiosites, não-diabéticos e sem uso prévio de glicocorticoides. Para o grupo de controle, 50 voluntários foram pareados por idade, gênero, etnia, peso e estatura. O índice HOMA2-IR foi calculado a partir de dados basais de insulina e glicose. Os parâmetros do International Myositis Assessment & Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) foram utilizados para avaliar o status da doença. RESULTADOS: A méda de idade dos pacientes foi de 43,5 anos, predominantemente do sexo feminino. Os pacientes apresentaram baixa atividade de doença de acordo com os parâmetros do IMACS. O índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura foram maiores no grupo da dermatomiosite em comparação com o grupo controle. O nível de insulina e o HOMA2-IR também foram maiores em pacientes com dermatomiosite. Além disso, analisando a dermatomiosite isoladamente, o índice HOMA2-IR correlacionou-se positivamente com o peso, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura e foi independente dos parâmetros de status da doença. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com dermatomiosite apresentam valores mais elevados de insulinemia basal, resistência à insulina, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. Além disso, o HOMA2-IR está moderadamente correlacionado com esses parâmetros antropométricos. Essas anormalidades metabólicas estão relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, uma das principais comorbidades observadas na dermatomiosite.

Autoantibodies in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in Buenos Aires

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM) are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the skeletal muscle. On the basis of clinical, serologic and histological differences, they are classified in dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis and immunomediated necrotizing myopathy. Autoantibodies directed against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens are present with variable frequencies among studies. Myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) are useful in IIM because they contribute to the diagnosis, help to identify different clinical subsets, and have prognostic value. This study aimed to explore the frequency of autoantibodies, especially MSAs, and their relationship with clinical features in adult patients with DM, PM and overlap syndrome. Medical records were reviewed. Myositis-associated antibodies (non-specific) and MSAs (anti Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, Mi-2 and SRP) were measured using commercial kits. Twelve patients had MSAs, an overall frequency similar to those of international series, but PL-12 and Mi-2 were more frequent than Jo-1, which is the most frequently observed elsewhere. All five patients with Mi-2 had classical DM with a favorable response to treatment. Interstitial pneumonia (n: 4) and/or treatment-refractory disease (n: 3) were found in the presence of anti-PL-12, alone or associated with anti-SRP and/or Jo-1. In conclusion, the coexistence of AEM, a rare finding, was found in three patients. The presence of MSAs aided to the diagnosis of IIM, in particular in those patients without available or conclusive biopsy results.

Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas (MII) comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades adquiridas del músculo esquelético. Según sus características clínicas, serológicas e histológicas se las clasifica en dermatomiositis (DM), polimiositis (PM), miopatía necrotizante autoinmune y miositis por cuerpos de inclusión. Los anticuerpos específicos de miositis (AEMs) contribuyen al diagnóstico, permiten distinguir formas clínicas y tienen valor pronóstico. Con el objetivo de explorar la frecuencia de autoanticuerpos, en particular AEMs, y su relación con las características clínicas de las MII del adulto, se revisaron las historias clínicas de 25 pacientes con DM, PM y síndromes de superposición, asistidos en nuestro centro entre 1999 y 2013. La presencia de autoanticuerpos asociados a miositis (no específicos) y AEMs (anti Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, Mi-2, SRP) se investigó utilizando kits comerciales. Doce pacientes presentaron AEMs, frecuencia global similar a la encontrada en series internacionales, pero a diferencia de lo observado en otros países, anti-PL-12 y anti-Mi-2 fueron más frecuentes que anti-Jo-1. Los cinco pacientes con anti-Mi-2 tuvieron DM clásica y buena evolución clínica. Anti-PL-12, ya sea solo o asociado a anti-SRP y/o anti-Jo-1, estuvo presente en pacientes con neumonía intersticial (n:4) y/o enfermedad refractaria al tratamiento (n: 3). En conclusión, la coexistencia de AEM, hallazgo raro, se encontró en tres pacientes. La presencia de AEMSs contribuyó al diagnóstico de MII, en particular en aquellos casos sin resultados concluyentes de biopsia de músculo.

Syndrome in question

Abstract: Dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory disease, autoimmune, with proximal myopathy associated with characteristic dermatological manifestations. In adults, 20-50% of the cases are paraneoplastic manifestation, being mandatory the workup for malignancy Herein we report a case of a woman with classic dermatological presentation of dermatomyositis and newly diagnosed breast cancer. In general, the clinical presentation of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis is more exuberant and manifestations may precede, concur or succeed the diagnosis of neoplasia. The prognosis of cases associated with breast cancer is worse than the idiopathic form. Treatment is based mainly on the resolution of the underlying disease, beyond immunosuppressants.

Electrocardiographic changes in dermatomyositis and polymyositis / Alterações eletrocardiográficas em dermatomiosite e polimiosite

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac involvement is frequent in inflammatory myopathies. Electrocardiogram (ECG) may show evidence of this involvement and its changes should be well-known and described. Objectives: Due to the lack of studies in the literature, we conducted an analysis of the ECG findings in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM), comparing them with a control group. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the ECG of 86 individuals with no rheumatic disorders (controls) with 112 patients (78 DM and 34 PM), during 2010 to 2013. The ECG findings between DM and PM were also compared. Results: Demographic characteristics, comorbidities and ECG abnormalities were similar between controls and patients (p > 0.05), except for a higher frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients (10.7% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.008). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory manifestations, were also similar between the groups PM and DM, except for the presence of cutaneous lesions only in DM. One third of the patients had ECG abnormalities, which were more prevalent in PM than DM (50% vs. 24.4%, p = 0.008). LVH, left atrial enlargement, rhythm and conduction abnormalities were more frequent in PM than DM (p < 0.05 for all), especially the left anterior fascicular block. Conclusions: We showed distinct ECG changes between DM and PM and a higher frequency of LVH in patients compared to controls. Investigation of cardiac involvement should be considered even in asymptomatic patients, especially PM. Further studies are necessary in order to determine the correlation of ECG findings with other complementary tests, clinical manifestations, disease activity and progression to other cardiac diseases.

RESUMO Introdução: Acometimento cardíaco nas miopatias inflamatórias é frequente. Eletrocardiograma (ECG) pode mostrar indícios desse acometimento e suas alterações devem ser bem conhecidas e descritas. Objetivos: Devido à escassez de trabalhos na literatura, analisamos as alterações de ECG em pacientes com dermatomiosite (DM) e polimiosite (PM) e as comparamos com um grupo controle. Métodos: Este estudo transversal comparou ECGs de 86 indivíduos sem doenças reumatológicas (controles) com 112 pacientes (78 DM e 34 PM), de 2010 a 2013. Também comparamos os ECGs entre DM e PM. Resultados: Características demográficas, comorbidades e alterações de ECG foram semelhantes entre controles e pacientes (p > 0,05), exceto pela maior frequência de sobrecarga de ventrículo esquerdo (SVE) nos pacientes (10,7% vs. 1,2%; p = 0,008). Características demográficas, comorbidades, manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais também foram semelhantes entre os grupos PM e DM, exceto por lesões cutâneas apenas em pacientes com DM. Um terço dos pacientes apresentou alterações de ECG, que foram mais prevalentes em PM do que em DM (50% vs. 24,4%, p = 0,008). Sobrecarga de câmaras esquerdas (SCE), distúrbios do ritmo e da condução foram mais encontrados em PM do que em DM (p < 0,05 para todos), sobretudo o bloqueio divisional do ramo anterossuperior. Conclusões: Encontramos alterações distintas de ECG entre PM e DM e frequência aumentada de SVE em pacientes quando comparados com controles. Investigação do acometimento cardíaco nessas doenças deve ser considerada mesmo em pacientes assintomáticos, especialmente em se tratando de PM. Mais estudos são necessários para correlacionar os achados de ECG com outros exames complementares, manifestações clínicas, atividade das miopatias e evolução para outras doenças cardíacas.

Dermatomiositis asociada a malignidad / Dermatomyositis associated with malignancy

La dermatomiositis es una enfermedad sistémica que se caracteriza fundamentalmente por la presencia de alteraciones inflamatorias de piel y músculo estriado. En ciertos casos constituye un síndrome paraneoplásico, por lo que su diagnóstico obliga a una exhaustiva búsqueda de la probable asociación con un cáncer. Presentamos tres casos de dermatomiositis asociados a neoplasias, dos mujeres con cáncer ginecológico y un varón con cáncer de estómago. Una de las mujeres también presentaba un síndrome mielodisplásico. En dos casos la dermatomiositis fue posterior al diagnóstico del cáncer y en uno los hallazgos fueron simultáneos.

Dermatomyositis is a systemic disease characterized primarily by the presence of inflammatory skin disorders and striated muscle. In some cases it constitutes a paraneoplastic syndrome, so diagnosis requires a thorough search of the likely association with cancer. We present three cases of dermatomyositis associated with malignancies, two women with gynecologic cancer and a man with stomach cancer. One of the women also had a myelodysplastic syndrome. In two cases dermatomyositis was after the diagnosis of cancer and in one, the findings were simultaneous.

Validez del panel de anticuerpos para el diagnóstico de dermatomiositis / Validity of the panel of antibodies for the diagnosis of dermatomyositis

INTRODUCCIÓN: La dermatomiositis es una de las formas clínicas de las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas y se caracteriza por inflamación del musculo esquelético lo cual lleva a disfunción crónica y discapacidad en jóvenes y adultos. Bohan y Peter en el año de 1975 establecieron el diagnóstico de dermatomiositis con base en cinco criterios diagnósticos. Recientemente, la detección de anticuerpos en suero ha surgido como una herramienta diagnóstico para la confirmación de miositis autoinmunes. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la validez diagnostica del panel de anticuerpos para el diagnóstico de dermatomiositis. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en MEDLINE, EMBASE, la librería Cochrane, LILACS, páginas y revistas especializadas y literatura gris. Se seleccionaron los estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Cada estudio fue evaluado con la herramienta QUADAS-2 y los datos fueron extraídos y sintetizados en tablas de evidencia, de forma narrativa y mediante el programa Meta-Disc se calcularon las características operativas. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 5 estudios con evidencia para los anticuerpos Anti-Mi2 y AntiJo1 como herramienta diagnóstico de DM. La evidencia fue de baja calidad por limitaciones en el riesgo de sesgo, la precisión de los resultados y en la inconsistencia. El uso del anticuerpo Mi-2 obtuvo un rango de sensibilidad del 18 al 100% y de especificidad del 99 al 100%. El uso del anticuerpo Jo-1 obtuvo un rango de sensibilidad del 11 al 45% y de especificidad del 45 al 100%. CONCLUSIONES: la evidencia no permite afirmar de manera concluyente que el panel de anticuerpos específico para dermatomiositis tenga validez en el proceso diagnóstico de dermatomiositis.(AU)

Dermatomyositis: analysis of 109 patients surveyed at the Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil

BACKGROUND: Dermatomyositis affects striated muscles, skin and other organs. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the disease from January 1992 to December 2002, assessing its classification, cutaneous and systemic manifestations, and also laboratory results, therapeutic and prognostic findings compared to those in the literature. METHODS: Data were obtained from medical records of 109 patients who were classified into five groups: 23 juvenile dermatomyositis; 59 primary idiopathic dermatomyositis; 6 amyopathic dermatomyositis; 7 dermatomyositis associated with neoplasms and 14 dermatomyositis associated with other connective tissue diseases. RESULTS: Sixty patients were classified as "definite" diagnosis; 33 as "possible"; four as "probable" and 12 and as amyopathic. The average age at diagnosis was 36 years. Cutaneous manifestations occurred in all patients; the most frequent symptom was loss of proximal muscle strength; the most common pulmonary disorder was interstitial lung disease, and gastritis was the most prevalent digestive manifestation. Tumors were documented in 6.42% of cases. Lactate dehydrogenase was the muscle enzyme most frequently elevated in the majority of cases. Skin biopsies were performed in 68 patients; muscle biopsies in 53; and electroneuromyographies in 58 patients. The most commonly used treatment was corticotherapy and the mortality rate was 14.7%. CONCLUSION: in this sample, the disease appeared in younger individuals, was more frequent in women and the association with cancer was small. .